Private Student Loans
Monday, April 28th, 2008Private student loans are loans that are not guaranteed by a government agency and are made to college students by banks or financial companies. Advocates of private student loans suggest that they combine the best elements of the different government loans into one: They generally offer higher loan limits than direct-to-student federal loans, ensuring the student is not left with a budget gap. But unlike to-the-parent government loans, they generally offer a grace period with no payments due until after graduation. This grace period ranges as high as 12 months after graduation, though most private lenders offer six months.
Private loans generally come in two types: school-channel and direct-to-consumer.
School-channel loans offer borrowers lower interest rates but generally take longer to process. School-channel loans are certified by the school, which means the school signs off on the borrowing amount, and the funds for school-channel loans are disbursed directly to the school.
Direct-to-consumer private student loans are not certified by the school. Schools do not interact with a direct-to-consumer private student loan at all. The student simply supplies enrollment verification to the lender, and the loan proceeds are disbursed directly to the student. While direct-to-consumer loans generally carry higher interest rates than school-channel loans, they do allow families to get access to funds very quickly — in some cases, in a matter of days. Some argue that this convenience is offset by the risk of student over-borrowing and/or use of funds for inappropriate purposes, since there is no third-party certification that the amount of the private student loan is appropriate for the education finance needs of the student in question.
Direct-to-consumer private student loans are the fastest growing segment of education finance and, a number of providers are introducing products. Loan providers range from large education finance companies to specialty companies that focus exclusively on this type of loan. Such private student loans will often be distinguished by the indication that “no FAFSA is required” or “Funds disbursed directly to you.”
Private student loan rates are lower than non-specialized private loans (e.g., “signature” loans) but slightly higher than government loan rates. That may be changing, as pending legislation would raise government student loan rates to similar rates as private student loans. Consumers should be aware that some private student loans require substantial up-front origination fees. These fees raise the real cost to the borrower and reduce the amount of money available for educational purposes.
Most private student loan programs are tied to one or more financial indexes, such as the Wall Street Journal Prime rate or the BBA LIBOR rate, plus an overhead charge. Because private student loans are based on the credit history of the applicant, the overhead charge will vary. Students and families with excellent credit will generally receive lower rates and smaller loan origination fees than those with less than perfect credit. Money paid toward interest is now tax deductible.
Private student loans often carry an origination fee. Origination fees are a one-time charge based on the amount of the loan. They can be taken out of the total loan amount or added on top of the total loan amount, often at the borrower’s preference. Some lenders offer low-interest, 0-fee loans, but these are usually available only to those with high credit scores (800 or more). Each percentage point on the front-end fee gets paid once, while each percentage point on the interest rate is calculated and paid throughout the life of the loan. Some have suggested that this makes the interest rate more critical than the origination fee.
In fact, there is an easy solution to the fee-vs.-rate question: All lenders are legally required to provide you a statement of the “APR (Annual Percentage Rate)” for the loan before you sign a promissory note and commit to it. Unlike the “base” rate, this rate includes any fees charged and can be thought of as the “effective” interest rate including actual interest, fees, etc. When comparing loans, it may be easier to compare APR rather than “rate” to ensure an apples-to-apples comparison. APR is the best yardstick to compare loans that have the same repayment term; however, if the repayment terms are different, APR becomes a less-perfect comparison tool. With different term loans, consumers often look to ‘total financing costs’ to understand their financing options. Visit our main blog page here